1. The rationale for conceptual, methodological, or theoretical orientation of the study should be described and explained with relevant citations to what others have written about it. (1.4)
2. Research reporting should follow a clear logic of inquiry that allows readers to trace the path from the initial statement of the problem, issue, or interest; to the review of the relevant scholarship and intellectual orientation of the study; to the research questions initiated and/or developed in the study; to the description of the site, group, and/or participants; to the methodology guiding collection and analysis of evidence; to the interpretation and presentation of outcomes and understandings gained from the research process. (2.1)
3. The units of study and the means through which they were selected should be adequately described. (3.1)
4. The procedures used for analysis should be precisely and transparently described from the beginning of the study through presentation of the outcomes. (5.1)
5. For each of the statistical results that is crucial to the logic of the design and analysis, there should be included: An index of the quantitative relation between variables or, for studies that principally describe variables, an index of effect that describes the magnitude of the measured variable. An indication of the uncertainty of that index of effect. When hypothesis testing is used, the test statistic and its associated significance level. A qualitative interpretation of the index of the effect that describes its meaningfulness in terms of the questions the study was intended to answer.